Can normative phrases like "good," "ought," and "reason" be outlined in totally non-normative phrases? Confusion of Tongues argues that they could, advancing a brand new End-Relational conception of the that means of this language as supplying the simplest rationalization of the numerous other ways it truly is regularly used. Philosophers generally continue that reading normative language as describing evidence approximately family can't account for precise positive aspects of quite ethical and deliberative makes use of of normative language, yet Stephen Finlay argues that the End-Relational idea systematically explains those at the foundation of a unmarried basic precept of conversational pragmatics. those demanding situations contain the valuable difficulties of metaethics, together with the relationship among normative judgment and motivation, the specific personality of morality, the character of intrinsic worth, and the potential for normative confrontation. Finlay's linguistic research has deep implications for the metaphysics, epistemology, and psychology of morality, in addition to for the character and probability of normative moral concept. most importantly it provides a nuanced solution to the traditional Euthyphro query of even if we wish issues simply because we pass judgement on them strong, or vice versa. Normative speech and suggestion might eventually be only a manifestation of our nature as clever animals prompted via contingent wants for numerous conflicting ends.